- Subcutaneous infliximab and oral anti-TNFα preparations: These drugs offer greater convenience and flexibility for patients compared to traditional intravenous anti-TNFα agents.
- Antiadhesion agents: These drugs block the interaction between leukocytes and the intestinal lining, preventing inflammation.
- Cytokine inhibitors: These drugs target specific cytokines that play a role in IBD inflammation, such as IL-12/23 and IL-17.
- Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors: JAKs are signaling proteins involved in a variety of inflammatory pathways. JAK inhibitors have shown promise in the treatment of IBD, but more research is needed.
- Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors: PDEs are enzymes that break down cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), two signaling molecules that play a role in inflammation. PDE inhibitors have been shown to be effective in treating IBD in animal models, and clinical trials are underway.
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators: S1PRs are involved in the trafficking of leukocytes to the intestinal lining. S1PR modulators have shown promise in the treatment of IBD in clinical trials.
- MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) upregulators: miR-124 is a microRNA that has anti-inflammatory properties. miR-124 upregulators are being developed to treat IBD, but more research is needed.
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